Total lining of support layer (substrate)

Lining consists of adhering an auxiliary support layer to the existing paper support, usually made of either Japanese or other paper and, in exceptional cases, of cloth. This is a drastic operation, which is selected only if the work suffers extensive losses or tears, or is so weakened that it can no longer support its weight. The adhesive used in this procedure is methyl cellulose and is both water-soluble and reversible.